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Space Station V is the space station orbiting Earth, it is not based on the Moon. Space Station V is rotating. This creates a centrifugal force, creating articificial gravity. This is like being pressed against the wall like in those rotating cylinders you see in amusement parks.

For the Moon Base, Moonbus, and TMA-1 scenes, gravity should be 1/6 of Earth's gravity. This is very difficult to replicate on Earth. A way to do this would be tilt your set at 75 degrees, with wires holding you up while you walk along the set. Actually, the only scenes of people actually walking on the Moon are those of the Apollo astronauts in their bulky space-suits, which greatly restrict movement. Without a space-suit, or with more flexible suits like those in 2001, walking may be more like that on Earth.

Actually, quite a lot was known about the Moon in 1966. The Ranger impact missions had been completed, several Surveyor landers and Lunar Orbiters had been sent, along with all the Russian Luna and Zond impact missions and orbiters.

I disagree about the velcro pads not working. With velcro, the force needed to adhere is much less than the force needed to remove them, due to the hooks on one side slipping into the hoops on the other side. Also, as you pull on one foot, you are effectivly pushing down with the other foot. That is, you are pulling the ship towards your other foot as you lift with the other. The use of Velcro allowed Kubrick to save on filming difficult to film weightless scenes. Also, back in 1966, who was to know that just floating about was much easier.

In Skylab, the astronauts had special shoes that they could snap into the grid floor. These proved impractical. In reality though, Velcro is only used to hold tools in place.

Actually, the scene where you see the crew walk down the ladder is correct. The crew are going into the centrifuge, not the pod-bay. As the next scene you see is the crew talking to mission control. You first see the crew walk down a tunnel. This tunnel leads to the central hub of the rotating centrfuge which see at the and of tunnel. The crew are weightless, walking along the Velcro floor. They enter the hub. There is no centrifugal force at the centre of the hub, but as you move away from the hub, the centrifugal force increases. Without a ladder to walk down, the crew would "fall" to the floor of the centrifuge hitting it badly.

You are correct about those two scenes. Using a ladder would not make sense in microgravity.

I don't think your argument about using the cardboard attached to string is valid. The velcro is attached to a spaceship, although weightless, still has inertia. Thus a more valid experiment is to tie a 50 t mass to cables with the velcro attached. The velcro on the spaceship should have the hoops, and your soles the hooks. This way, little force is needed to attach, while a greater force is needed to remove. Maybe this is one for the Mythbusters!